Different processes

William B becket:
In 1858 he created the ambrotype which in an image which is a mix of both a negative image and a possitive.

Painted daguerrotype:
These images are painted over to add colour and these were initially the first way to get a coloured image.

blue print:
The blue prints are actually made using the cynotype process and were initially made to create plans for inventions and building projects as the sharp detail was easy to read and accurate

Ducos De hauron:
He made coloured images by layering different coloured assitate onto one another in order to create a coloured image each layer is coloured and printed one colour at a time.

Art and science came together

The pencil of nature was a book created by henry fox talbot and is the first book to contain photographs before anna atkins. The book was created during 1844-6 and includes 24 colotypes of his own work which shows still life images and was considered the first part of documentary photography.

George phillips bond and john adam whipple came together to create extraordinary images the most famous being a photo from 1851 called open door. To take this image it is possible that they used a jupiter camera.

Anna atkins created a documentry book based on the shapes and structures of plants called 'photographs of british algae'.

How moving image developed into camera's

In the 1840's/50's camera's started to become widely available to the public as industrial capitalism made middle class professionals and the rapid growth of cities meant rapid growth of ideas and more people to enjoy the privilege of photography.  The public began to shift from country to city in the desire to create a personal identity and be recognized as an individual. Expansion of western powers reached asia, africa and latin america spreading the fast growing technology.

This meant that more of the public began to access to camera's to take up photography. Here are some examples or early camera's and developments:

Magic lanterns:
 A simple form of image projector used for showing photographic slides.

View master:
Special format steroscope creates 3D images by pairing two coloured photographs together. These images were mainly landscape as people in the 1940's couldn't really afford to travel and personally see the world.

Kodak box camera:
1888 first successful camera to become available to the public for a reasonable price using roll film.

leica SLR:
First 35mm slr camera which was intended for long journey's as the camera was compacts and easy to take traveling.

Mick-a-matic:
This was a small camera which was intentionally designed to be aimed at children involving people of all ages into the hobby or profession of photography.

Moving imagery entertainment

Thaumoscope:
 An optical illusion which works as the image stays on the retina for an 8th of a second. Here is one i have made and how it works.

Phenakistoscope:
 Early animation device that used a spinning disk of sequential images and the persistence of vision principle to create the illusion of motion.

Zoetrope:
19th century optical toy consisting of a cylinder with a series of pictures on the inner surface that when viewed through slits with the cylinder rotating, it gives the impression of a continuous motion.

Stereoscope:
Two images apart viewed together through goggles to create the illusion of a three dimensional image.

Edward Muybridge:
Took continuous photos of a horse running and created a zoetrope to monitor how the horse functions whilst running and how it uses its legs to gain speed.

How to read a photograph

Photographs have different meanings and sentimental values to different people and can serve different purposes for different situations. For example:

Cindy sherman:
Best known for her conceptual portraits and film still she challenged the roles and representations of women in society.

I like the above picture as she has captured a surreal expression at a dramatic angle something that we dont take notice of in films as they only last for a matter of seconds during a film scene however looking at the still we see how unusual this shot is and how the low angle really empowers the subject.

Paramount:
used photographs to advertise films in the 50's to capture the attention of potential audiences.

lee friedlander:
imitated the language of visual social urban landscape.

This photo i believe really shows the directions of peoples generosity and kindnness as the photography is not the target audience for an ice cream man and therefore looks rather intimidating however it would be a different story if a local wanted an icecream think it shows how we target different people with different compositions of ourselves to attract attention.

lisette model:
produced portraits which showed close up, unsentimental, unretouched expositions of vanity, insecurity and loneliness.

The slight tilt in this image really puts a public feel onto the image as we feel like we are n the room with them looking up at them as the gentleman longs for the woman attention i like the composition as we have the background participants who are only just identified and therefore not part of the main focus of the image.

robert adams:
looked into the changing american landscape in the 1970's.

I love the depth in this image as we see such a vast stretch of land and a magnificent horizon all produced and compacted into a small landscape image the caravans and stretch of road almost zig zag up the picture leading your eyes right to the mountains.

garry winogrand:
known for his portrayal of the united states in the 20th centuary.

The intensity of the models face is extraordinary and it captures that moment of pure joy and I genuine think it looks horrific and almost aggressive. However the emotions of cuteness atrraction and aggression all originate from the same areas of the brain which is why when we see things cute we have the urge to squeeze them.

judith joy ross:
confronts her sitters and in turn captures humanity and vulnerability.

The expressionless subject makes me feel sympathy and concern as we see the frown on her face and the fact that the subject is face on in the center of the whole photograph makes her very confronting and the expression hard to ignore. 

 The four main elements to look for when inspecting and analyzing a photograph are:

Flatness
Time
Frame
Focus

Stephen Shore:
Known for his images of bonal scenes and subjects and pioneering the use of colour in photography.

This photo seems to me to have a sense of mockery to it as we are more drawn to the billboard of the landscape than the actual landscape as it fits in perfectly. This could be an indication of how we as a modern society blend into the earth and become a part of the world around us embedding ourselves into the landscape.

William Eggleston
Also credited for his use of colour in photography and making photography stand out as a legitimate artistic medium to display in art galleries.

The bright colour of the car really contrasts with the deep dark textured post next to it making it seem even more vibrant and bright and i like this quality as it highlights how unnatural we can make colours seem.

Larry Fink
Known for his black and whites of social situations and comparing upper working class parties in order to see how the quality of living is shown through them enjoying themselves and not looking up or down on one another.

This is one of my favorite images I have looked at. The composition is so outstanding as we see the whole of the woman's arm takes up the majority of the middle of the photograph and as the rule of thirds suggests this pushes us to look around the subject in the middle and explore the whole photograph so we realize the shape really in an arm and there are more people and elements to the photograph itself.

Edward Weston
Created a book full of 1400 negatives and is considered to be the most initiative influential american photographer.He covers an expansive range of subjects in his photography anything from landscape to portraiture and many more.

The sahdows in this image really adds contrast and the vicinity of the location is purposely shown to be a vast space. the lines in the sand add interesting texture to the picture.

William pryor Floyd
He was a talented portraitist in honk kong and tinted his photos with vivid colours and his photography skills where very much sought out as the quality of his images were superb.

Example of floyds shop.

Roger Fenton
Pioneering british photographer and one of the first war photographers as he photographed the crimeon war.

In this image I particularly like how the tepee behind the soldier is not directly behind him as that slight position change makes an easy line up and across the photograph leading the eyes right through the whole of the photograph and brings the soldier forward to become the focus.

Calvert Richard Jones
Welsh painter who was most famous for his dramatic seascapes.

The small figure sat infront of the busy landscape really scales up the size of the landscape and the proportions of how huge the boats must have been and i think this was intentional to make the photograph more powerful and staggering at the sheer size and strength of the objects behind him making him seem quick vulnerable.

Oscar Rejlander
Expert in photo-montage and experimented with double exposure, photomontage and retouching. Photomontage= A montage constructed from photographs.

The photograph shows the two sides of life there are the works and the socials. This is a clever way to represent contrasts in society. 

Henry peach robinson
He was known best for his combination printing and placing multiple negatives together to create one image this was a very early example of photomontage.

The exposure has been timed in order to make the couple stand out as they are the bright focus point and this fades into the sides of the image which gives an impression of little importance to the scenery but the couple in the spotlight,

Peter henry emmerson
Early examples of using photography as an art form and was known for his images of natural settings. He disputed the meaning and purpose of photography.

The reflection in the water in this image leads us to the woman's arm which we then follow up and the narrow boat leads us the rest of the way up the image making this a very pleasing image to view and the relaxed pose adds an atmosphere of enjoyment and pleasure all together.

Julia Margaret Cameron
Took softened images of at the time celebrities and friends of hers who were wealthy and well known in the area. Her images has a soft focus which made stunning subtle portraits.

 The angle of the models head goes against that of her shoulder making her look slightly crooked however the soft pale skin defines her beauty and soft expression work nicely with the soft image as her facial features dont look too sharp and strong adding a feminine touch.

What is a Photograph

A photograph is the means of representation, a visual capture of time and the dimensions of space constructed into a a physical form. A photograph gives availability and access to anyone and is able to present to people the world in 5x7 dimension. A photograph for me is almost a form of time travelling as I can physically witness 50 years before I was born and be able to see what the present day looks like in a completely different country.

Beaumont Newhall:

Wrote the book 'History of photography' which is known as a classic text book for photography. He wrote about the many artists and photographers and how there pictures became successful discussing techniques and photography skills.

Walker Evans:

He documented the effects of the great depression in america. He liked to describe his work as ' literate,authoritative, and transcendent'.

These two photographers manipulated perspective and controlled how the public saw events and initially viewed the worlds biggest happenings and history.

I like this photograph as the compositions of the sitters fit the rule of thirds as the children are not directly at the bottom of the image the mother is neither in the center. I think the images is very raw in a sense that it shows dramatically the impact of the great depression in a shocking manor as people feel strong sympathy and empathy towards children in poverty making this image stronger and bolder.

Daguerreotype:

A photo taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate in mercury vapour. This process was named after Louis Jaques-mande daguerre who invented this process of taking a photo. The first photo was of a window. This was the first window to the world.

Above photograph: first daguerreotype 1826 by Joseph Nicephore

Joseph Nicephore:

He created a photograph of the first real world scene. He did this by using the technique heliography which is where asphalt is put onto glass or metal and this will harden on light exposure.

The definition of photograph is writing with light and controlling time.

William Henry Fox Talbot:

He invented the calotype process which is a process where paper is coated with silver Iodide.

above photo: Henry fox talbot an oak tree in winter 1843

Photogram:

A picture produced with photographic materials, such as light-sensitive paper, but without a camera.

Frederick Scott Archer

Invented the collodion process which is a glass plate covered in collodion which contains iodide which then has to be exposed whilst wet then develop the image using pyrogallol or acidified ferous sulphate then lastly fixed the image in a cyonide solution or hypo. Invented in 1851.

Understanding Photography

To be able to fully understand the concept and development of photography I have to explore the existence and evolution of the making of photography and how it first became to be so naturally inhabited into the modern world today.
 A good example of this whole development would be the development of photography which was a BBC TV series showing the progress and expansion of the subject of photography as an art form and popularity into the changing world showing how the daguerreotype transformed to digital in just over a century. The show showed how photography was quick and rapidly adapting to become more involved with modern society.

From the camera obscurer and pinhole film boxes we now have been introduced to a more technical version of the camera in latest years. Models such as:

Google glass: 

Google glass is a new prototype which is due to be released to the public in coming years. The product itself is a pair of glasses which can access the internet and will be able to take photos from cameras attached to the glasses to be able to instantly share on social media just by using voice activation.

Panono:

This is an invention which is made to take 360 degree photos and therefore can be thrown around and will be able to capture all of its surroundings and make a 360 photograph which is a development from the already available panoramic photo.

Drones:

Drones are flying machines which can have up to 4 different cameras on them to be able to take high birds eye view photographs and have been recently used for scientific and social purposes for example being able to miniature wild animals from a safe distance and be able to locate where dangerous animals are and how close they are to local villages in foreign countries. They have also been recently used at weddings for more dramatic photography and interesting videos.

Even recently Polaroid have hired Lady GaGa to promote idea and products for Polaroid as she is a famous world wide celebrity and is known for her creative expressions. She has promoted ideas similar to Google glass such as glasses which project images.

Paul Strand 

American photographer and film maker Paul Strand was an important figure along with Alfred Stieglte and Edward Weston in making photography recognized as an art form.

Above photograph: Taken by Paul Strand, Blind, 1916 american

I like this Photograph as I believe it captures the true identity of the local woman who passes by would truly believe is blind. There is a feeling of identity and unvielment as we see the exposed truth.